Exercise 8: Quadratic Eigenvalue Problem
Now we are going to focus on the solution of quadratic eigenvalue problems with PEP solvers. In this case, the problem to be solved is formulated as (λ2M+λC+K)x=0. In our simple example, M is a diagonal matrix, C is tridiagonal, and K is the 2-D Laplacian.Compiling
Copy the file ex16.c
[plain
text] to your directory and add these lines to the makefile
ex16: ex16.o -${CLINKER} -o ex16 ex16.o ${SLEPC_PEP_LIB} ${RM} ex16.o
Note: In the above text, the blank space in the 2nd and 3rd lines represents a tab.
Build the executable with the command
$ make ex16
Running the Program
Run the program without arguments and see the output:
Quadratic Eigenproblem, N=100 (10x10 grid) Number of requested eigenvalues: 1 k ||P(k)x||/||kx|| ----------------- ------------------ -1.164037+1.653625i 2.02021e-12 -1.164037-1.653625i 2.02021e-12
Source Code Details
The PEP object is used very much like EPS or SVD, as can be seen in the source code.
Here is a summary of the main function calls:
(MPI_Comm comm,PEP *pep);
PEPSetOperators
(PEP pep,PetscInt nmat,Mat A[]);
PEPSetProblemType
(PEP pep,PEPProblemType type);
PEPSetFromOptions
(PEP pep);
PEPSolve
(PEP pep);
PEPGetConverged
(PEP pep, int *nconv);
PEPGetEigenpair
(PEP pep,int i,PetscScalar *kr,PetscScalar *ki,Vec xr,Vec xi);
PEPDestroy
(PEP pep)
;
First, the solver context (PEP) is created and the three problem matrices are specified.
Then various options are set for
customized solution. After that, the program solves the problem, retrieves the solution, and
finally destroys the context.
PEP Options
Most of the options available in the EPS object have their equivalent in PEP. A full list of command-line options can be obtained by running the example with the option -help
.
To show information about the PEP solver, add the -pep_view
option:
PEP Object: 1 MPI processes type: toar 50% of basis vectors kept after restart using the locking variant problem type: symmetric polynomial eigenvalue problem polynomial represented in MONOMIAL basis selected portion of the spectrum: largest eigenvalues in magnitude number of eigenvalues (nev): 1 number of column vectors (ncv): 16 maximum dimension of projected problem (mpd): 16 maximum number of iterations: 100 tolerance: 1e-08 convergence test: relative to the eigenvalue extraction type: NORM BV Object: 1 MPI processes type: svec 18 columns of global length 100 vector orthogonalization method: classical Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization refinement: if needed (eta: 0.7071) block orthogonalization method: GS doing matmult as a single matrix-matrix product DS Object: 1 MPI processes type: nhep ST Object: 1 MPI processes type: shift shift: 0. number of matrices: 3 all matrices have different nonzero pattern KSP Object: (st_) 1 MPI processes type: preonly maximum iterations=10000, initial guess is zero tolerances: relative=1e-08, absolute=1e-50, divergence=10000. left preconditioning using NONE norm type for convergence test PC Object: (st_) 1 MPI processes type: lu out-of-place factorization tolerance for zero pivot 2.22045e-14 matrix ordering: nd factor fill ratio given 5., needed 1. Factored matrix follows: Mat Object: 1 MPI processes type: seqaij rows=100, cols=100 package used to perform factorization: petsc total: nonzeros=100, allocated nonzeros=100 total number of mallocs used during MatSetValues calls =0 not using I-node routines linear system matrix = precond matrix: Mat Object: 1 MPI processes type: seqaij rows=100, cols=100 total: nonzeros=100, allocated nonzeros=500 total number of mallocs used during MatSetValues calls =0 not using I-node routines
Note: All the command-line options related to the PEP object have the -pep_
prefix.
Try changing some of the values, for example:
$ ./ex16 -pep_nev 4 -pep_ncv 24 -pep_smallest_magnitude -pep_tol 1e-5
Choosing the Solver Method
Several polynomial eigensolvers are available, which can be selected in the source code with the function PEPSetType, or at run time:
$ ./ex16 -pep_type qarnoldi
The following table shows the list of PEP solvers available in SLEPc.
Solver | Command-line Name | Parameter |
---|---|---|
Linearization | linear | PEPLINEAR |
Quadratic Arnoldi | qarnoldi | PEPQARNOLDI |
Two-level orthogonal Arnoldi | toar | PEPTOAR |
Symmetric TOAR | stoar | PEPSTOAR |
Jacobi-Davidson | jd | PEPJD |
Contour integral | ciss | PEPCISS |
Note: The default solver is toar
.
The linear
solver performs an explicit linearization of the quadratic eigenproblem, resulting in a generalized eigenproblem. This linearization can be customized, see the Users Manual for details. For instance:
$ ./ex16 -pep_type linear -pep_linear_linearization 1,0 -pep_linear_explicitmatrix
Since in this problem all matrices are symmetric, the problem type is set to PEP_HERMITIAN
in the source code with PEPSetProblemType, and this obliges us to set the explicit matrix flag, see PEPLinearSetExplicitMatrix. It is also possible to use a non-symmetric linearization by choosing the corresponding problem type:
$ ./ex16 -pep_type linear -pep_general
In the linear
solver it is also possible to tune any of the EPS options, including those corresponding to ST and the linear solvers. For instance:
$ ./ex16 -pep_type linear -pep_general -pep_linear_st_ksp_type bcgs -pep_linear_st_pc_type jacobi